Investing
Countdown To Mega Merger – How Credit Suisse Wobbled And UBS Rushed To Rescue

UBS Group’s takeover of Credit Suisse, arranged by the Swiss authorities to stave off a broader banking crisis, became official on Monday. The closing of the tie-up marks the final chapter for the 167-year-old institution after years of scandals and missteps that eroded customer confidence and brought the lender to the edge. Here are some key events in the run-up to the biggest banking deal since the global financial crisis. FEBRUARY Feb. 28 – Swiss regulators rebuke Credit Suisse for “serious” failings in its handling of a multi-billion business with now-defunct financier Greens ill, the third such public censure in two years. MARCH March 9 – Credit Suisse delays its annual report after a last-minute call by U.S. regulators raised questions about its earlier financial statements. March 13 – Credit Suisse shares hit a record low after the entire banking sector sells off in the wake of the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank. March 14 – Publishing its delayed 2022 annual report, Credit Suisse says it had identified “material weaknesses” in internal controls over financial reporting and not yet stemmed customer outflows.
March 15 – The Swiss National Bank pledges to fund Credit Suisse with liquidity “if necessary” – the first such move for a big bank since the global financial crisis. Earlier, Credit Suisse’s largest shareholder – Saudi National Bank – said it would not increase its stake, sending the lender’s shares plunging by a fifth. March 16: Credit Suisse says it intends to borrow up to 50 billion Swiss francs ($55.40 billion) from the central bank.
March 19: An emergency rescue of Credit Suisse, brokered by the Swiss government, central bank and financial regulator, is announced. Under the deal, UBS agrees to buy Credit Suisse for a knockdown price of 3 billion Swiss francs in stock and assume up to 5 billion francs in losses. Detailing the events later in a regulatory filing UBS said it was rushed into a deal it did not want. March 20 – The rescue triggers a political backlash, with Swiss parties on the right and left warning about the huge risks and the size of the combined entity. March 21 – Swiss authorities impose curbs on bonus payments for Credit Suisse employees. March 23: Switzerland’s financial market regulator FINMA defends its decision to impose steep losses on Credit Suisse bondholders, calling the decision legally watertight. March 29 – UBS rehires former CEO and turnaround specialist Sergio Remote to steer the takeover. APRIL April 3 – Switzerland’s federal prosecutor opens an investigation into the merger. Separately, some holders of Credit Suisse AT1 bonds wiped out by the merger instruct lawyers to represent them for possible litigation to recover losses. April 4 – Credit Suisse chairman Axel Lehmann apologizes to investors for taking the bank to the brink of bankruptcy at the bank’s final shareholder meeting. April 5 – The Swiss government orders Credit Suisse to cancel or cut all outstanding bonus payments for senior management. – Separately, UBS executives call the takeover a “Herculean task,” but tell shareholders it will succeed. April 11 – The Swiss Bank Employees Association demands a freeze on job cuts at both banks until the end of 2023. Swiss media had earlier reported up to 11,000 jobs could be lost in Switzerland. April 12 – Switzerland’s parliament rejects the government’s aid for the merger in a largely symbolic vote. April 15 – The Federal Reserve approves UBS’s acquisition of the U.S. subsidiaries of Credit Suisse. April 24 – Credit Suisse says 61 billion Swiss francs in assets had left the bank in the first quarter, as it reported what were probably its last ever quarterly results. April 26 – Switzerland’s Federal Administrative Court says it has received “several hundred” claims against the country’s financial regulator after it wrote off the value of Credit Suisse’s AT1 bonds. – A regulatory filing shows UBS considered in December the effects of Credit Suisse takeover, but concluded such a move was not desirable. MAY May 9 – UBS CEO Sergio Emote unveils his new leadership team, based largely on experienced UBS executives and keeping only Credit Suisse CEO Ulrich Koerner from the stricken bank. May 12 – Emote says the situation at Credit Suisse has stabilized. May 16: UBS flags in a regulatory filing tens of billions of dollars of potential costs – and benefits – from its takeover of Credit Suisse, underscoring the high stakes involved. May 17 – The office of the upper house of the Swiss parliament decides that Credit Suisse’s rescue will be investigated by a special commission. May 23 – The Swiss finance ministry issues an order cancelling or reducing outstanding bonuses of Credit Suisse managers, implementing a decision announced in April. May 30 – Switzerland’s Social Democratic Party says it has drawn up a proposal to shrink UBS assets after the takeover, saying the new bank posed huge risks for the country because of its size and an implicit state guarantee. JUNE June 2 – UBS CEO Sergio Emote warns of painful decisions about job cuts following the takeover of Credit Suisse, which he said should be finalized in a few days, and dismisses concerns the new bank will be too big for Switzerland. June 8 – Switzerland’s parliament formally approves a special commission to investigate Credit Suisse collapse and rescue. June 9 – UBS and the Swiss government agree on the conditions of a 9 billion Swiss franc guarantee for potential losses stemming from sales of some Credit Suisse assets, clearing the final hurdle before the deal’s close.
Investing
Ford Signs Initial Deal To Sell Germany Plant To Investor

Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) held a work meeting Friday where the Detroit automaker revealed that they have found what was described as a major international investor for Ford’s German plant in Saar louis and signed initial agreements together with the western state of Saarland. “This is an excellent basis for further negotiations, with the potential to create around 2,500 jobs in Saar Louis,” said Martin Sander, head of the company’s German unit Ford Werke. “This week we have taken a big step towards this goal,” he said, adding that the aim was still to transform the plant and create future employment opportunities. According to a late January report by The Wall Street Journal, China’s BYD (OTC: BYDDY) was one of fifteen investors expressing interest in acquiring the Ford site in Saar louis once the production of the Ford Focus, its current model, ceases in 2025. Shares of F are up 0.67% in premarket trading on Friday.
Investing
Dutch Curb Chip Equipment Exports Amid US Pressure

The Dutch government on Friday announced new rules restricting exports of certain advanced semiconductor equipment, a move that comes amid U.S. pressure on its allies to curb sales of high-tech components to China. “We have taken this step in the interest of our national security,” said Trade Minister Lieske Schreinemacher, adding such equipment may have military applications. Schreinemacher added only a “very limited” number of companies and product models would be affected. China was not named. ASML, a Dutch company that is a key equipment supplier to computer chip makers, said in the reaction it would not change its financial guidance as a result of the new rules. The rules, which will require companies that make advanced chipmaking equipment to seek a licence before they can export it, are expected to go into effect on Sept. 1. A technical document specifying which equipment will require a licence accompanied the announcement. The introduction of the list is the result of a high-level agreement between the U.S. and two allies with strong chip equipment industries – The Netherlands and Japan – to tighten restrictions as Washington seeks to hobble Beijing’s ability to make its own chips. ASML, Europe’s largest technology company, repeated a March statement indicating the top section of models of its second most advanced “DUV” product line, which are used to manufacture computer chips, would need a licence. It named its 2000 series “and subsequent” models and said it did not expect the rules to have a material impact on its financial forecasts. ASML’s most advanced EUV machines have never been shipped to China. ASML’s shares were down 3.6% after the news, while smaller rival ASM International (OTC:ASMIY) dipped 1.8%. The U.S. in October imposed export restrictions on shipments of American chipmaking tools to China from U.S. companies like Lam Research (NASDAQ:LRCX) and Applied Materials (NASDAQ:AMAT) on national security grounds, and lobbied other countries with key suppliers to do similar. China decried the move, part of a heightening of tensions between the two countries that has spanned everything from 5G equipment and alleged spy balloons to relations over Taiwan. Reuters reported on Thursday the U.S. may introduce additional rules next month. Schreinemacher said she expected about 20 licence applications on an annual basis, representing a “limited part of the total product portfolio of the companies that fall under this rule”. ASML has been restricted from selling EUV machines without a licence under an international agreement known as the Wassenaar Arrangement, but the Dutch rules now make clear that EUV machines also fall under the Dutch rules.
European Union countries share a common trade policy and generally use the Wassenaar Arrangement to determine which exports are restricted on security grounds. The new Dutch list published may later be adopted by other European countries or added to the EU list, though few other European countries export high-end chipmaking equipment.
German manufacturers supply essential parts to ASML, including lasers made by Trumpf and lenses made by Zeiss, among others.
Investing
SAIC’s MG Motor Brand Launches New Electric Vehicle Leasing Offer In France

MG Motor, owned by Chinese company SAIC Motor, on Friday, announced a new leasing offer whereby drivers in France can get for 99 euros ($107.6) a month its MG4 electric car, matching a scheme the French government would like to see benefiting cars made in Europe. The offer runs from July 1 through to August 31 and is done in conjunction with MG Motor’s French banking partner Credit Agricole (OTC: CRARY) Consumer Finance. It is based on people getting a “super bonus” incentive of 7,000 euros for low-income buyers and also includes a 2,500 euros public aid paid in exchange for scrapping an old thermal engine car. MG Motor’s offer comes as major car companies from around the world compete in the electric car market, which is forecast to grow rapidly as customers ditch older models given current trends to protect the environment. The brand calls it its own “social leasing” offer, in reference to a scheme the French government is working on to make electric vehicles more affordable. It has been delayed several times because the French authorities fear it would benefit mainly Asian brands. According to a government source, it should be unveiled later this year and implemented in 2024, when the first European-made affordable electric cars will come to the market, such as the Citroen e-C3 from Stellates and the Renault (EPA: RENA) R5. The MG4, imported from China, was ranked as the 5th most sold EV in France in May, according to the French electric mobility association Avere-France.
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